Lighting and signaling apparatus for vehicles.



W. G. MILLIGAN. LIGHTING AND SIGNALING APPARATUS FOR VEHICLES.

- APPLICATION FILED FEB-3.1917- 1,290,633. Patented Jan. 7, 1919.

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W. G. MILLIGAN.

LIGHTING AND SIGNALING APPARATUS FOR VEHICLES. APPLICATION FILED FEB.3.191].

1,290,633. Patented Jan. 7, 1919.

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APPLICATION HLED FEB. 3.1911- Patented Jan. 7, 1919.

W. G. MILLIGAN.

LIGHTING AND SIGNALING APPARATUS FOR VEHICLES.

APPLICATION HLED FEB. 3. 1917.

Patented Jan. 7, 1919.

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APPLICATION FILED FEB. 3. 1917. 1,290,633. Patented Jan. 7,1919. 6SHEETSSHEET 5.

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APPLICATION FILED FEB-311917.

' Patented Jan. 7,1919.

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WILLIAMS GRANT MILLIGAN, OF AKRON OHIO,

LIGHTING AND SIGNALING APPARATUS FOR VEHICLES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. '7, 1919.

Original application filed December 8, 1911, Serial No. 664,882. Dividedand this application filed February 3, 1917. Serial No.146398.

,To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAMS GRANT Mn.- LIGAN, a citizen of the UnitedStates, and

--resident of Akron, in the county of Summit and State of Ohio, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Lighting and SignalingApparatus for Vehicles, of which the following is a specification,reference being had therein to the accompanying drawing.

The present invention relates to motor vehicles, and is a division of myco-pending application Serial No. 664,682, filed December 8, 1911, nowPatent 1,218,292 dated March 6, 1917, for a lighting and signalingsystem for vehicles. the provision of certain improved control andsignal means for motor vehicles, especially adaptable to systems such asthat described in theabove mentioned application.

Among the objects of my invention are the following:

(1) Head lights which may be used to project parallel beams or arrangedto prevent a glare, either manually or automatically at different speedsas may be desired. (2) An automatic governor driven from the motor, butresponding to changes in the speed of the car without regard to changesin the transmission gears. (3) A rear signal device which will give notonly the proper number or numbers of the Vehicle, and the usual dangersignal, but also variable signals, indicating the movement and speed ofthe vehicle. (4) A combination steering column and manual light andsignal control, with automatic direction signal control. (5) Combinationthrottle, brake and rear signal control with muflier cut-out if desiredon the same foot lever without needless complication. (6) Manual controlof the head lights, through movements of the burners. (7) Calibrating oradjusting means for the governor whereby its action may be modified andthe operation ofthe lights and signals determined without regard to thespeed.

It should be understood that the governor which I shall describe, isintended to be applied to the throttle control as well as the signalcontrol, since the governors heretofore proposed have not to myknowledge regulated or controlled the power or signals in accordancewith the speed of the car. but have been adapted rather to maintainingIt has for its object constant speed of the motor, which with changes inthe transmission gears is of course useless in practice.

My invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which-Figure 1 is a plan-view of an automobile equipped with my invention.

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the same with parts removed.

Fig. 3 is a top plan view of the tail lamp.

Fig. 4 is a face view of the same.

. Fig. 5 is a rear view of the lamp with part of the casing removed.

Fig. 6 is a vertical longitudinal section taken on the line 00-01: ofFig. 5.

Fig. 7 is a side view of a form of signaling head lamp, with a part ofthe casing removed. V

Fig. 8 is a front View of the same partly in section.

Fig. 9 is a fragmentary detail of the looking device for the revolvingreflector.

Fig. 10 is a detail of the combined automatic and manual valve controlfor the burner shown in Figs. 7 and 8.

Fig. 11 is a longitudinal cross section of a modified form of head lampusing a rotating screen and automatic valve control for the burner.

Fig. 12 is a longitudinal cross section similar to that of Fig. 11 withthe screen revolving mechanism attached tothe burner support. 1

Fig. 13. is a further modification of a signaling head lamp using acombination of rotating screens and reflectors for modifying the light.

Fig. 1a is a longitudinal cross section of the high-low burner used inthe various forms of the lamps shown.

Fig. 15 is a sectional view taken on the line y-y of Fig. 14.

Fig. 16 is a plan view of the governor with Fig. 20 is a side elevationof a clutch pedal equipped with a foot control of the course indicatingdevices.

Fig. 21 is a plan view of the clutch pedal shown in Fig. 20.

Fig. 22 is a fragmentary sideelevation of the automatic calibratingdevice for the governor. I

Fig. 23 is a top plan view of said calibrating device.

Fig. 24 is atop plan view of the automatic control for the speedindicating signals of the tail lamp.

Fig. 25 is a fragmentary side view of the same, partly in section.

Referring to Figs. 1' and 2, I have shown therein the various parts ofmy invention connected .in their proper VVOlklIlgTGlZltiOIl to eachother and positioned on an automobile indicated in outline and in dottedlines. It consists in general of the signaling head lamps 1 and 1 inwhich means are provided for modifying the light thereof; a tail lamp 2provided with luminous signals for indi cating the course and variationsin speed of the vehicle, and also carrying rear signal lights andilluminated transparencies for one Or more license numbers-or the like;and an automatic control 'in the form of a governor 3 connected withsuch moving part of the vehicle as to have a substantially constantratio of speed with that of the vehicle,

which operates to actuate the modifying means of the headlights and thevarious luminous speed indicating signals of the tail lamp. The governor3 is designed so as to operate the rod 309 to and fro upon changes inspeed of the vehicle in such, manner that When a predetermined speed isreached, the rod 309 issuddenly moved toward the rear pulling. on therod 340 and operating the modifying. means of the lamps 1 and 1 throughthe inter-mediation of the crank arm 341, countershaft 842, arm 344,operating cord 111, and connecting link shaft 95-. The governor also hascontrol of the rod 600 which is also moved to and fro in constantvarying ratio with the speed of the vehicle and operates to controlcertain signals in the tail lamp 2 to indicate a predetermined minimumor slow speed and subsequently a zero speed or halted condition. saidzero or halted position being indicated at a reason-- able predetermined"time before its actual occurrence The governor 3 also controls asuitable visual speed indicating device such as 348 by means of anysuitable transmisson device such as the shafts 320; 349, and the usualbevel gears.

Figs. 7, 8., 9, and 10 show the preferred form. of my signaling headlamp in which the light is modified by interchangeable reflectors inconjunction with a high-low burner. The interchangeable reflectorsconslstof a plane mirror 103 and a reflecting ing bar 151 mounted of theburner 101.

parabolic reflector 104 mounted at opposite sides of a revoluble frame102, and the whole revolving on stub shafts 105 and 106 mounted onbearings 107 and 108 respectively. The plane mirror is preferably etchedor frosted although it may be otherwise modified by coloring or byhaving parts blackened. For revolving the reflector frame 102 I providea drum or pulley 109 integral with the stub shaft 105 to which areconnected operating cords 110 and 111 which lead to the automatic.controlling mechanism before mentioned and hereinafter described indetail. The cords 110 and 111 are attached to the drum 109 and overlapin such manner as to revolve the drum, and along with it the framethrough 180, with equal and constant leverage. A positive stop 76 ismounted on the casing 100 in such position as to be engaged on eitherside by the lugs 78 and 79 on the frame 102. In order to damp themomentum of said reflector frame, I provide, in addition to the positivestop, studs 115 and 116 mounted on said frame and adapted to engagesuccessively the spring lock 117 at each half revolution of thereflector frame. The bearing 108 is providedwith a recess 112 in whichis nested a compression spring 113 bearing against a collar 114 on" thestub shaft 106 with suflicient pressure; to hold the frame 102 snugly inits bearings without undue friction. For maintaining the burner 101within proper distance of thereflectors 103 and 104'without interferingwith the movement thereof, 1 mount the burner slidably in the lamp andprovide automatic shifting means therefor controlled by the movement ofsaid reflectors. This shifting means consists of a slidin bearings 152and 153 and oscillated by means of a cam 155 rigidly connected to thestub shaft 106 acting on the inner surfaces of the frame 154. Dependingfrom the arm 151 and at right angles thereto is a curved arm 150 whichtakes hold-of a pin 149 mounted at the base The burner 101 passesthrough a rectangular guide plate 144 bearing against the sides of aslot 143 in the casing of the lamp, said slot being covered on theinside by the shield 145 and onthe outside by a similar shield 146 andthe whole held in operative relation by means of a bow spring 147 andlock nut 148. The'shank of one extreme position to the other at eachmovement of the burner b means of the link 157 pivotally connece at oneend to the arm 156 and at the otherto a. bearing 158normally held in theposition shown by Assuming that the parts are 1n their normal positionas shown, 2'. e. with the plane mirror or reflector 103 presented to theburner and the burner in its extreme distant position therefrom, withthe arm 156 held in the 'position' shown, (which is the low powerposition), the lamp ,is at its minimum illuminating power and remains sountil the gov ernor' actuates to pull the cord 111, whereupon thereflector frame 102 is' caused to revolve through 180 and present theparabolic reflector to the burner. When' the frame 102 turns, the cam155 also rotates burner shifting through 180 and moves the automaticarts into the position shown in dotted lines, the arm 150 sliding theburner into the focus of. the parabolic reflector 104. As'the burnerslides into the position shown in dotted lines, the valve 140 p isrotated by means of am 156 and link 157 to its high power position, thusincreasing the quantity of light. This bringsthe lamp to its fullilluminating ower which condition is maintained unt1l the governorreleases the cord 111. g

The burner may be maintained at either its minimum or maximum power bymoving the bearing 158 to either extreme of the slot 159, as. the casemay be, and holding it there under slight spring tension so that it willslide with the burner without strainin any of the parts. This isaccomplished y the arrangement of parts shown in Fig. 10 which aremounted near the bottom of the lamp and shown in posi-' tion in Fig. 8.The parts are here shown in their normal position, in which the bearing158 is held stationary intermediate the ends of the slot 159 whichallows the valve 140 to operate automatically as described. However,when it is desired: to maintain the burner at its minimum power,regardless of its position or. of the movements of the frame 102, therod 160 is pulled in the direction of the arrow by means of the cord 168until the collars 163, 164 and 167, which are fixed to the rod 160,assume the position indicated in dotted lines. This compresses thespring 161 sufliciently to hold the bearing 158 in'the positionindicated in dotted lines so long as the burner is in the position asindicated in dotted lines in Fig. 7 ,and .by

means of the link 157 and arm 156 holds t e valve at the low powerposition. When t e burner slides out into the position shown in solidlines in Fig. 7, the bearing 158 is pulled against the tension of spring161 to the center of the slot and the parts 140, 156, 157 and 158 areagain brought into the position shown in full lines in Figs. 7 and 10.When it is desired to maintain the power of the burner at maximum, thecord 168 is released which allows the spring 166 to retract the rod 160until the collar 163 engages the bearing 165. This moves thebearing'158to the extreme forward end of the slot 159 and at the sametime throws the arm 156 over to the high power position. When the burnerslides back into the position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 7, the

bearing 158 is pushed back by the link 157 and valve arm 156, againstthe tension of spring 162 into the central position, the link 157holding the arm 156.0%! in the high power position. The rod 160 may beheld in any of the three positions described by a suitable means notshown for holding the cord 168.

Fig. 11 shows a modified form of light control for use in my systemadapted to be added to any of the existing types. of head lamps. Itcomprises a spring drum 185 within a casing 192 and provided with a stubshaft 195 which turns in a bearing 187 projecting upwardly from thecasing and is integral therewith. The spring 188 is fastened at one endto the drum 185 and at the other to the bearing 187. Projecting up-.wardly from the drum 185 and integral therewith is a stub shaft or post187 to which is fastened the arm 189 of a semitransparent screen 190. Inconjunction with the above I use a variable or highlow burner,preferably of the type shown in Fig. 14', and connect the valve turningarm 156 with the operating cord 172 which is wrapped partly around andfastened to the drum. In operation the cord 17 2 is connected with thegovernor mechanism in the same manner as the cord 111 in Fig. 7, andunder normal condition assumes the position as shown, in which theburner is turned down to its minimum illuminating power. When thepredetermined maximum speed is reached, the governor actuates to pullthe cord 172 sufiiciently to revolve the drum through 90, thus movingthe screen 190 into the position indicated in dotted lines and againstthe limiting stud 191. Simultaneously with the movement of the screenthe valve arm 156 is pulled over so as to bring the burner to itsmaximum illuminating power.

In Fig. 12 I have shown a modified form of the device shown in Fig. 11.In this form the screen rotating mechanism is mounted on the burnersupport and is capable of vertical, and lineal and angular horizontaladjustment by means of a collar 196, sliding rod 193, and set screw 194.

Fig. 13 is an elaboration ofthe form of light modifying device shown inFigs. 11 and 12 and consists in the combination of a rotating lightmodifying screen 171 and a. rotating plane mirror 170. v The screen 171is preferably made of etched or frosted glass. However, I furthercontemplate making it in the form of a lens to modlfy the effect of-thereflector 169, or of colored glass. The screen 171 may be replaced by anetched or frosted reflector. The rotating light modifying members areoperated by a spring drum 173 rigidly mounted at the lower end of theshaft 176 which revolves 1n a bearing 177 fastened to the lamp casing100. The spring 175 has one end fastened to the drum 173 and the otherfastened to the downwardly projecting portion of the bearing 177.Loosely mounted on the shaft 176 near itsupper end is a disk 178 towhich is attached the screen 171 through the medium of an arm 197. A cap179 is positioned near the upper end of the shaft 176 and rigidlyconnectedto a dlsk 181 WhlCh is mounted so as to revolve loosely on theshaft and held in place by means of a shoulder bearing 198 integral withthe CllSk 178. The downwardly extending flange of the cap 179 surroundsthe upwardly extendlng bearing 198, thus forming a housing for thespring 180 which is connected at one end to the flange of the cap 179and at the other to the bearing 198. The disks 178 and 181 are providedwith pins 183 and 182 respectively which extend upward into the path ofa pin 184 extending radially from the shaft 176. The spring 175 is soconnected as to hold the reflector 170 in the position shown by virtueof the pin 184 bearing against the pin 182, the burner 101 acting as astop for the arm 199 of the reflector, while the spring 180 is connectedso as to normally tend to rotate the members 170 and 171 in oppositedirections. It. will thus be seen that so long as the arm 199 i heldagainst the burner,

the arm 197 will also be held there through the action of spring'180.For operating this form of lamp, the governor mechanism I is so modifiedand adjusted 1n a manner hereinafter described, that it will pulldifferent lengths of the cord 172 at two dif-' ferent predeterminedspeeds. When the first speed is reached, the cord i pulled sufficientlyto rot-atejthe drum 173 through 90' which causes the pin 184 to moveaway from I the pin 182 and allows the reflector 170 to move into thepositionindicated in dotted.

lines where it is held from further movement by a stop 25. At thisjuncture the members 170 and 171 are held apart and against theirrespective stops 25 and 101 by the spring 180, and the pin 184 is inContact resence with the pin 183. When the second predetermined speed isreached, the cord 172 is pulled further and this time sufficiently torotate the drum 173 through an additional 90 whereby the screen 171 ismoved against the tension of the spring 180 into the position shown indotted lines through the medium of p1 ns 184'and 183. A stop 26 1sprovided for the member 171. The reverse cycle of operations takes placeupon to produce a large flame centered. at the point 27, while the holes130 are designed to produce a relatively small flame also centered atthe point 27 or in proximity thereto so that elther flame will act as apilot for the other. The two sets of holes 120 and 130 aresupplied-through separate passages 121, 123 and 131,133 and ports 20 and30 respectively, and controlled by a three way valve 140 intermediatesaid channels and a source of supply 141. The outlet opening in thevalve 140 is so arranged as to connect with the port 30 before cuttingoff from the port 20 when moving in a clockwise directlon, so that thepassage 133 will be open through to the source of supply before theclosure of port 20, the reverse operation tak- 1ng place when the valveis subsequently turned counterclockwise. It will thus be seen that whenthe valve is in the position shown, illuminating fluid such as acetylenegas Wlll flow from the source of supply through the passage 141, valve140, port 20, passages 123, 121 and 120 producing a flame of high candlepower substantially centered at the point 27. When the small flame isdesired, the valve is rotated clockwise and in so moving open-s the port30 before closing port 20 whereby gas is permitted to flow through port30, passages 133, 131 and out of openings 130 where it i ignited fromthe flame first mentioned and the valve then continuing its movementcloses the port 20 which extinguishes the high power flame. Furthermovement of the valve would effect the extinction of both flames but itis preferred to use a master valve of any existing type, for effectingthe latter result. It is necessary in a burner of this type that the twoflames be separately adjustable, and for this purpose I provide valves124 and 134 in the passages 123 and 133 respectively. These valves areidentical in structure and I will therefore describe in detail the valve134 of which two views are shown. It consists of a cone intersecting thecylindrical passage 133, and so proporout through openings '32.Adjustment is accomplished by turning the knurled head 136 which variesthe distance between the sides of the cone and the conical recess in thepassage 133. Various modifications of the burner here described may bemade and among those contemplated are to make the burner tip of metalwith lava jets, and to provide adjusting valves such as 124 and 134 onthe body of the burner in order that such burner may be used in any ofthe existing types of lamp.

Fig. 16 shows the governor mechanism forming part ofl my system and ishere shown with the cover removed and connected with the transmissiongearing of an automobile. The governor casing 53 may be connected withthe transmission casing 50 in any suitable manner and according to theparticular type of automobile to be equlpped, owever, I have shown ithere as being bolted onto the transmission case and an I v tionsrepresentmg difierent speeds.

opening 52 made therein sufficient to allow the idler 323 to enter andmesh,,with a shifting gear 324 of the transmission. The gyroscope wheel300 of the governor is mounted to turn on a shaft bearing in. a collar301 which is rigidly connected to the shaft 320 by a set screw 321. Asliding sleeve 302 is feathered on the shaft 320 and oscillated by thegovernor wheel through a link 303.

The motion of the sleeve 302 is transmitted to a yoke 307 provided withdownwardly extending forks 54, 55, which straddle said sleeve. Thrustbearings are provided consisting of the ball bearing rings 306 bearingbetween the washers 305 and the collar 304.

and nut 303. The collar 304 is integral with the sleeve 302 while thenut 303 is adjustable on the threaded portion 328 of the sleeve 302 andheld in adjustment by means of a lock nut 63. The governor is calibratedby means of a spring 326 which bears at one end against an adjusting nut327; and at. the other against a flanged sleev 324 feathered on theshaft 320 and limited in its outward movement by a stop pin 334. The endof the arm 308 of the yoke 307 is enlarged and perforated so as to slideloosely on the rod 309 and alternately compress the springs 312 andv andlimited in their inward motion by any suitable stop-such as the toe 317and stud 56 arranged near the pivot in 315. The levers;

314, 319 are bent at their free ends to form" cam surfaces which enablethem to be tripped by a roller 318 on the arm 308. The levers are.adjustable in length by means of-the slot and screw adjustment 57.Motion is transm1tted to the governor shaft 320 through gears 322, 323and 324. The gear 324 is one of the shifting gears of the transmissionWlllCh revolve at a constant ratio with the rear axle, this causing thegovernor also to revolve in constant ratio with the rear axle. The gear323 is an idler and made long so asto be always in mesh with theshifting gear 324.

The arm 335 of the yoke 307 is rigidly connected to the end of the rod600 which slides in bearings 337 and 338 and projects through the casingfor purposes to be herethe shaft 320, the various intermediate osi- Ihis movement of the wheel 300 causes the yoke 307* to travel. in thedirection of the arrow compressing the springs 326 and 313 until theroller 318 strikes the lever 314 whereupon the det-ent 346 is 'throwhout of engagementf -with the collar 311 which allows the rod 309 to besuddenly pushed in the direction of the arrow under; tension of thespring 313, the wall of the easing serving as a stop for the collar 311and-therebylimiting the movement of, the rod. This movement of the rod309 carries the collar 310 just beyond the detent 347 where it occupiesa position in relation to the detent similar to that which the collar311 normally assumes in relation to the detent 346. Upon a decrease ofspeed, the spring 326 operates to restore the governor wheel to theposition shown and the yoke-307 is carried back compressing the spring312 against the collar 310 which is held by the detent 347 until theroller 318 strikes the lever 319. whereupon the detent is thrown out ofengagement with collar 310 and the rod caused to suddenly move back intothe position shown. It is obvious that by suitable adjustment of therelease. levers 316, 319, dollars 311,312 and sprin 326, the rod may bethrown at any pre etermined maximum and minimum speeds. When it isdesired to operate the modified form of lamp shown 1n Fig. 13, anadditional pair of release levers like 314 and 319 are provided and allfour so adjusted as to give the rod 309 two separate movements in eachdirection, each movement occurring at a pre-.

, the holding slots.

may be moved to and held in either of its extreme positions. This meansis shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 17 and comprises a manually operated rod 608adapted to slide in a socket 609, and to be locked in eitherof threedifferent positions by means of a triple bayonet slot 610 and bolt 611.A spring 612 1s attached at one end to the bearing 613 and at the otherto a pin extending radially from the rod 608, which tends to turn therod sons to slide the bolt 611 into one of Motion is transmitted fromthe rod. 608 to the rod 600 (Fig. 1) by Way of the pin 607 (Fig. 17)crank arm 606, countershaft 605, crank arm 604, rod 601, and the pin 603(Figs. 1 and-24). The pin 603 passes through an elongated eye in the rod601 in order that there will be lost motion between the two. This lostmotion is adjusted so that when the rod 608 is in the position shown inFig. 17 with the bolt 611 resting in the middle notch, the movement ofrod 600 will not be affected. However, when the rod 608 ismoved downuntil the bolt 611 enga es the lower notch, the rod 601 is pulled suciently to take up the lost motion and hold the rod 600 and yoke 307 inthe position shown in Fig. ,16; which holds the governor at zeroposition re ardless of the speed of the automobile. imilarly, when therod 608is raised until the bolt 611 engages the upper notch, the rod 600is pushed over into the other extreme position which holds the governorat the position of maximum speed regardless of the actual speed of theautomobile. It is thus seen that the operator in emergencies is notembarrassed by a purely automatic lighting system beyond intelligentcontrol, and when it is required to prevent the operator from changingthe speed indication at will by such manual control except uponemergency, the rod 608 may be held in normal position by a breakablethat shown in Fig. 22.

Referring to Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6, I have shown therein various detailviews of the seal such as tail lamp indicated at 2 in Figs. 1 and 2.

200 is the casing of the lamp. 201 and 202 are transparencies bearinglicense numbers and 203 is a cover or blind that may be used to obscureeither of said transparencies and held in position by pins 204 whichtake into perforations in said cover. The window 201 is made to swing onstub shafts 61 which project inwardly from the sides of the casing andbear in the perforated lugs 62 integral with the window frame. Similarperforated lugs are provided at the lower corners of the window framewhich serve as sockets for the transom bolts. Damping springs 67 aremounted on the inner sides of the casing at either end of the window soas to bear against both the hinge lugs 61 and sockets 65.

The lower window 202 is similarly hinged 'and bolted except that it ishinged at the which serve as the usual rear signals. The

windows 208, 207, 209 and 206 display traffic signals Rightf Left, S owand Halt, respectively. Such signals may be indicated in various ways asby a color code or system of convention 1 marks more read ilydistinguishable than ietters, but I prefer to indicatethem by boldinitial letters R, L, S and H. The windows 206, 207, 208 and 209 areprovided with shutters 86, 87, 88 and 89 respectively. These shuttersare swung on a common shaft 211 supported in bearings 212, and areoperated by means of arms 214. The shutters are held closed by springs215 attached at one end to the flange 85 and at the other to the arms214. The shutter 86 (see Fig. 6) is controlled by the rod 264 so thatwhen said rod is pulled the motion is transmitted by way ofbellcranklever 263 and rod,260 to arm 214 which causes the shutter 86 toswing outward on the shaft 211 and reveal the transparency bearing theletter H. The shutters 87, 88 and 89 are similarly operated by the rods274, 284: and 29 1 respectively excepting that for operating shutters 88and 89 the motion is off-set or stepped over into a different plane bycrankrods 281 and 29'1'respectively. Any well known system ofillumination may be used for the lamp such as gas or electricity. Iprefer, however, to use a combined illuminating tricity controlled inthe manner shown and which I believe to be original. It consists of thecombination of electric lights l041 and a high-low acetylene burner 101preferably of my improved type hereinbefore desystem of gas andelecscribed, operated automatically to-increase playlng of any signals.

'Ventilation is provided for the burner 101 through the opening providedfor the operating rods at the base of the lamp, and the outlet hole 68in the outer side near the top, said outlet hole being so placed inorder that the heat issuing therefrom will not injure the body of thevehicle. A dam in the form of a depending flange 85 is providedintermediate theoutlet hole 68 and the front of the lamp so as to divertthe heated gases away from the windows. Elecone or several of thetraffic tricity is supplied to lights 40 and 41 from any suitable sourceby the cable 42, the light 41 being connected directly with the cablethrough a' pipe 47 said supply being controlled by a valve 48. The valvearm 156 of the burner 101 and the arm 45 are made to move in unison bymeans of the crank rod 46 and link 49 so that When the several parts arein the position shown the burner will be turned to low candle power andthe light I 40 extinguished. The arm 45 is connected through a link orrod 11' to the horizontal bar 10 arranged transversely of. thebellcranks 263, 2 3, etc., immediately beneath the upper members of thesame and normally held in the position shown under tension of the coiledends 12 which bear against the casing of the lamp. When any of the rods264, 274, etc., are pulled to operate the shutters, the upper arm of thebell-crank to which that rod is connected engages the bar 10 and pullsit downward against the.tension of coils 12. This downward movement ofthe bar 10 pulls on the rod 11 which operates the arms 45 and 156 so asto complete the circuit of the lamp 40 and switch on the large flame ofthe burner 101. Coil springs are inserted on the rods 264,274,

etc. to take up any extra motion and to prevent strain.

In order to prevent the right and left signals from bein actuated at'thesame time I provide a 100 ing means in the form of a bolt sliding in thebearing 71 and adapted to be actuated by the cams 75 and 76 on thebell-cranks 273 and 283, respectively. The bolt 70 is normally centeredin the bearing 71 by means of a pin 73 fixed in the bolt and sliding inan elongated eye slot, the said pin being normally held in the center ofthe slot by a double leaf spring 74. This locking device operates asfollows: When the. bell-crank lever 283 is operated the cam surface 76on the lower arm thereof strikes the bolt 70 and, pushes it fartheracross the path of the lower member of the bell-crank 273 and beyond thecontrol of the cam 75 thereon, thus holding the bellcrank 273 in itsinoperated position so long as the lever 283 is held down. The reverseoperation takes place when the bell-crank oted at 706 and 707 adapted tobe'operated by a cam ring 700 concentrically mounted on the steeringcolumn or shaft 701 and rigidly connected thereto so as to revolvetherewith. The upper members of the bellcranks are provided withanti-friction rollers 704 and 705 while the lower members are connectedat 708 and 709 to the rods 784 and 774 of the right and left signals,

respectively. The cam surfaces 710, 711 are so formed and positioned inrelation to the rollers that the roller 7 04 Will'rise' immediately whenthe shaft 7 01 is revolved in the direction of the arrow while theroller-705 remains in the position shown during such part oftherevolution as is determined by the length of the straight portion of thecam 711 on which it now rests and upon a reverse direction of rotationof the. shaft 701, the roller 705 is immediately moved downward while 704'remains in the position shown during a part of the revolution asdetermined by the length of the straight portion of the cam 710 on whichit now rests.

The operation of this device is as follows:

described, the bell-crank 703 remaining stationary. Similarly when thesteering wheel is carried to the left, the shaft 701 revolves in adirection opposite to that of the arrow thereby causing the cam 711 toride over the roller 7 05, pushing the same downward and rocking thebell-crank 703 so as to pull on the rod'77 4 which operates the leftsignal in the manner hereinbefore described. a

The auxiliary foot controls for the right and left signals are mountedon the clutch pedal and are shown in detail in Figs. 20 and 21 and intheir relative position to the whole system in Figs. 1 and 2. Referrinto Figs. 20 and 21, the right and left control toe pieces 582 and 572respectively are mounted on the tread 403 of the clutch pedal 400 so asto project beyond the plane of the tread in such manner as to be readilyoperated without the operator removing his foot from the tread of theclutch pedal. The toe piece 582 is formed on the end of a lever 289pivoted at 580 in the bearings 581. Motion is transmitted from the lever289 by way of rod 288, bell-crank 287, rod 286, bell-crank 285, rod 284and crank rod 484 (Figs. 1 and 2)' to the operating rod 284 of the rightsignal which operates the same as before described. The toe piece 572(Figs. 20 and 21) is formed on the free end of the lever 279 which ispivoted at 570 in the bearings 571. Motionis transmitted from the lever279 by way of rod 278, bell-crank 277, rod 276, bell-crank 275,- rod 274and crank rod 474 (Figs. 1 and 2) to the operating rod 274 of the leftsignal which operates the same as before described. Suitable lost motionis provided intermediate the foot control and the automatic control inorder that one will work independently of the other without strainingthe parts.

' In Figs. 24 and 25 I have shown the automatic means for operating thetraffic signals Slow and Halt of the tail lamp 2. It consists of a pairof levers 353, 354 rigidly connected to the shaft 35 and staggered inrelation to each other as shown in Fig. 25. The shaft 35 is connected tothe governor rod 600 by means of the crank arm 350, pin 603 and thebifurcated member 602, where- 'by the shaft 35 is caused to graduallyrotate in the direction of the arrow as the automobile increases itsspeed from zero to maximum. When the automobile is standing still, theparts are in the position shown, that is with the rod 264 held back inits operative position by engagement of the arm 354 with the collar356,-which collar is rig idly connected to the rod 264, whereby the haltsignal is held open, or so that the letter H is revealed. The letter Hbeing white on a red ground this giving a color code signal at adistance. As soon as the automobile is started in motion, the governorpulls on the rod 600, rotating the shaft 35 in the direction of thearrow which pulls the arm 354 away from the collar 356 thus releasingthe rod 264-and allowing the shutter 86 of the halt signal to drop. Asthe automobile attains normal speed, the arm 353 moving in the directionofthe arrow, passes the collar'355 which is rigidly connected to the rod294, said collar being beveled on one side so as to be pushed upward bythe cam 394 in the crotch of the fork 353 as the fork passes thereunderWithout straining the working parts of the governor. When the automobileagain slows down, shaft 35 is rotated in the opposite direction of thearrow, carrying the arm 353 into the position shown, during whichmovement of the arm 353 the flat portion 359 of the cam engages thecollar 355 which pulls the rod 294, thereby operating the slow signal inthe lamp 2. The slow signal remains displayed until just before theautomobile comes to a standstill, when the shaft 35 reaches the extremeposition as shown and in so doing rotates the arm 353 and cam 359 out ofengagement with the collar 355, releasing the rod 294 and rotating thearm 354 into engagement with the collar 356 which pulls on the rod 264thus restoring the slow signal and revealing the halt signal. Furtherautomatic control of the halt signal is obtained by connecting the rod264 through a suitable lost motion link 358 to the lug 502 of the brakepedal 5, Figs. 1, 18 and 19, in such manner that upon operation of thebrake, the rod 264 is pulled, which operated the halt signal in the samemanner as before described. In addition to the automatic control of theslow signal, I provide an auxiliaryfoot control on the brake pedal 5,which is shown in detail in Figs. 18 and 19 and comprises a lever 299operated by a toe piece 592. Motion is transmitted from the lever 299 byway of the rod 298, bell-crank 297, rod. 296, and

bell-crank 295 to rod 294. Suitable lost 'motion such as that shown at357 in Fig. 24, is placed intermediate said foot control and theautomatic control so that either control may be operated independentlyof the other. In order that the foot control just described may be usedwithout interfering with the usual foot control of the throttle andmufiler cut-out, I mount such control on the brake pedal in thefollowing novel manner: The throttle toe piece 800 is formed at the endof a lever 801 pivoted at 802 in the bearings 803. Motion is transmittedfrom the lever 801 by way of rod 804, bell-crank 805, rod 806 andbell-crank 807 to the usual throttlecontrol rod 808. Thethrottle-control rod 808 is adapted to operate the throttle valve bymeans of the arm 809, pin 810, and'elongated eye 811 and spring 812. 812bears against the pin 810 at one end and at the other against anabutment pin 813, the tension of spring 812 being such as to operate thethrottle valve without further compression unless said valve is heldopen by the usual hand control. In such case the spring 812 iscompressed when the rod 808 is pulled so as to permit the pin 810 toslide in the elongated eye 811 without moving the arm 809. A furtheradvantage jof this method of throttle control is that when the brake isapplied, the throttle is automatically closed by virtue of thebell-crank 807 beingconnected on the brake pedal and at a point in suchrelation to the center of rotation of the pedal and the throttle lever809, that said bell-crank 807 will be moved bodily in such direction andto such an extent as to' close the throttle regardless of the positionof the toe piece 800 in relation to the pedal. It is thus seen that eventhough the operator should become confused in such an emergency asrequires a sudden stop and press down on the throttle control 800 so asto operate it beyond its limit of movement, the brake would be operated,and inso. operating would automatically close the throttle as abovedescribed. Mounted on the brake pedal 5 and in proximity to the toepiece 800, is a muflier cut-out toe piece 900, which is so mounted thatboth of said toe pieces may be simultaneously depressed if desired. Thetoe piece 900 controlslthe muffler cut-out over the following system ofThe spring transmission: Motion is transmitted from which moves inconstant ratio thereto, by

- The device conslsts in .by means of look any well known means oftransmission, and still be made to actuate its parts in constant ratioto the rear "axle. "This device. operates to automatically change thecalibration of the governor upon each change of speed through theshifting gears. This ad ustment is accomplished by pulling on the rod387 (see Fig. 16) which compresses the calibrating spring mediation ofthe arm 330, ball-bearing ring 388, flanged collar 331 and collar 329.detail of a plate 380 rigidly connected to the sliding rod 385 of thegear shift, and adapted to bear against the adjustable studs 381, 382,383, and 384. These studs are adjustably'secured nuts, to a face plate386 of the bar 393 adapted to slide in the bearings 398, 399. Motion istransmitted from the bar 393 by way of pin 396, crank arm 395, countershaft 397, crank arm 342 and link 343 to the calibrating rod 387. Theface plate 386 is normally held in the position shown by a suitableretractile spring 394 which abuts against the bearing 398. The studs381, 382, 383 and 384 are so positioned in relation to the plate 380that when the gear shifting lever 450 is thrown over into any of theseveral slots 389, 390, 391 and 392 in the axle plate 451 for changingthe ratio of speed between the rear axle and the motor, the plate 380engages successively the studs 383, 384, 382 and 381, respectively.These studs are so adjusted is relation to the plate 380 and accordingto the various ratios of speed provided in the transmission and gearshifting device that at each shift the bar 393 is pushed against thetension of the spring 394 through such a distance as will causesufficient compression of the calibrating spring 326 to change thecalibration of the governor, and compensate for the difference in speedbetween the motor and the rear axle. When the gear shifting lever isthrown over into the first speed slot 389 the upper portion of the plate380 engages the stud 383, pushing the face plate 386 and bar 393 againstthe tension of the spring 394. The motion of the bar 393 is transmittedto the governor in a manner as before described and increases thetension of the calibrating spring suflicient to compensate for thechange in speed.

secured to the end and 23) is me 326 through the inter-- -connect1ng therod 608, manual When the ear' shift lever 450 (Figs. 22 ed into thesecond speed slot 390, the lower portion of the plate 380 engages thestud 381 which is so adjusted that the bar 393 is pushed a ainst thetension of the sprin 394 throug such a distance that the cali ration ofthe governor will be changed to compensate for the change of the ratioof speed between the motor and the rear axle. Similarly when the lever450 is rocked into the third speed slot 391 the upper portion of theplate 380 engages stud 382 which is so adjusted as to eflfect further adustment of the governor spring 326, and when the arm 450 1s finallymoved into the fourth speed plate 380 engages the stud 381 which lowersthe tension of the spring 326 to such a deslot, the lower portion ofthegree that the governor wheel 300 (Fig. 16)

will still operate the parts rate of rotation ofthe rear of therelatively lower rate of speed of the motor.

It is to be particularly noted that by omitting the governorentirely,and directly control of the 'llghts in Figs. 11 and 12 is possible. I donot wish therefore to be limited to the automatic control.

It is also to be noted particularly that my governor device is adaptedto be connected to the throttle of the engine, instead of or in additionto the signals and lights. It has heretofore been proposed to useautomatic governors to lnsure constant speed in ratio to the of theengines of power driven vehlcles,

but were variable transmission gears are employed, the constant speed.motor is not always desirable, and in fact is impracticable. With themethod of calibration or ad ustment which I have described in connectionwith Figs. 22 and 23, the action of my governor can be suitablymodified, so that While the governor is driven directly from the motor,it will respond to changes in speed of the car.

It is to be understood that the illustration and description furnishedherein are definitive and not restrictive, that is to say I am awarethat many changes and modifications may be made without departing fromthe spirit of my invention, and all such changes and modifications arecontemplated and reserved which fall fairly within the scope of theappended claims. For example, it is obvious that electric lights may besubstituted for the burners described and axle regardlessv isotrolled-instead of the gas, substituting a switch for a key or avariable resistance for a pressure reducer.

The arrangement of lights and signals herein described constitutes asystem, and it is to be noted that signals described as applied to therear of the car can also be used on the front, and vice versa. Forexample, it is part of my invention to place the right and left signalson the front of the vehicle so that those toward Whom the vehicle ismoving will be informed of the intentions of its driver. I have shownand described the rear signals as covered with shutters which liftthrough an angle of 90 to expose the signals. The front signals mayadvantageously be combined with the front or side lights, so that eachside light would have above or below it a signal disk and lamp normallycovered by a shutter. This disk or lamp may be of a distinctive color,such as green or red, and the shutter arranged so that it will turnthrough 180 so as to expose the signal and at the same time cover theside light. Thus the driver can indicate to those ahead, either by amanual control or by the same autoinatic control hereinbefore describedfor the rear signals, whether he is about to turn to the right or left,and all the other signals could be arranged if desired to show at thefront instead of at the rear.

Many other changes will occur to those skilled in the art, and thespecification is to be read so as to include them.

Having thus described my invention what I claim and desire to secure byLetters Patent is:

1. In a-motor vehicle, an automatic governor, means to drive the samefrom the motor of the vehicle, a single calibrating spring for saidgovernor, control means actuated by said governor, and means controlledby the changed speed or transmission gears for varying the tension ofsaid calibrating spring in proportion to the modification in the ratioof the power transmission between the motor and the driving wheels ofthe car.

2. In a motor vehicle, control means, an automatic governor comprising arotary body 300 having its long axis normally at a small angle from theaxis of rotation, means connecting said rotary body to the controlmeans, resilient compression means (326), and a calibrating device formodifying the action of the'governor at different speeds of the car,comprising a movable abutment 388 for said compression device, a controlmember 395 adapted to be acted on by the speed or gear changing lever(450), and a connecting rod (387) extending between said control member(395) and said movable abutment 388.

3. A head light for vehicles comprising a casing, a light source, aprojecting reflector arranged with the light source, in its focus, and ashield pivoted within the casing eccentrically to the light source, withmeans tending normally to rotate said shield into position between thelight source and the projector, and means responsive to changes of speedof the vehicle, for turning said shield out of its normal position.

4:, A head light for vehicles comprising a casing, a light source, aprojecting reflector arranged with the light source on its focus, and ashield pivoted within the casing eccentrically to the light source, withmeans tending normally to rotate said shield into position betweenthe'light source and the projector, and an automatic governor responsiveto changes in speed of the vehicle acting at predetermined speeds only,to turn said shield out of its normal position.

5 A head light for vehicles comprising a casing, a light source, aprojecting reflector therefor, a translucentshield adapted to belnterposed at will between the light and the projector, and a planeshield adapted at will to be interposed between the light and thetranslucent shield.

6 A head light for vehicles comprising a caslng, a light source, aprojecting reflector therefor, a translucent shield adapted to beinterposed at will between the light and the projector, and a planereflecting shield adapted to be interposed between'the light and thetranslucent shield, whereby varying degrees'in intensity of the lightprojected may be obtained.

7. A head light for vehicles comprising a casing, a light source, aprojecting reflector therefor, and a plane reflecting shield mounted tobe interposed between the lightand the projector, and means responsiveto changes in speed of the vehicle for moving said shield into and outof position.

8. A head light for vehicles comprising a casing, a light source, aprojecting reflector therefor, and a plane reflecting shield mounted tobe interposed between the light and the projector, and an automaticgovernor responsive to speed changes in the vehicle, and acting atpredetermined speeds only to movesaid shield into and out of position.

9. In a lighting system for vehicles, a governor comprising thefollowing instrumentalities: a pivoted body adapted to be rotated arounda fixed center, and normally occupying a position With its long axis ata small angle from the axis of rotation, means for driving the same froma moving part of the vehicle, and at a speed bearing a definite relationto the speed of the vehicle, a link actuated by the said governor inincreasing itsangle of inclination with increased speed of rotation, across head adapted to be moved by said link against a predeterminedresistance, a sliding member controlled by one end of the cross head,and a trip lever for said sliding member adapted to hold the same untilafter a predetermined travel of the cross head, whereby the governor maypass through a predetermined angle before the sliding member willoperate.

10. In a lighting system for vehicles, a governor comprising a drivenrotating body normally having its long axis inclined at a small anglewith the axis "of rotation, a cross head 307, 308 connected to be movedby said rotating body as it changes its angle of inclination by increasein speed of rotation, a sliding control rod 309 carrying a collar 311, acompression spring 313 on the rod between said collar and the cross head308, and a trip lever 314 adapted to engage said collar and hold the rod309 against movement until the cross head has reached a predeterminedposition and tripped the lever 314, whereby movement of the control rodcan be produced at any desired speed.

small angle with the axis of rotation, a cross head 307, 308 connectedto be moved by said rotating body as it changes its angle of inclinationby increase in speed of rotation, a sliding control rod as 309, a pairof collars 310 and 311 fixed on said rod, 3, pair of springs 312 and 313between said collars and the cross head, a pair of trip levers 314 and319 adapted to engage said collars at opposite ends of the travel of therod, and hold the same to compress the respective springs 312, and 313until the cross head has traveled a predetermined distance in onedirection or the other, whereby the operation of the control rod isproduced after a predeterlmined and definite change in the speed on Iiitestimony whereof I afiix my signature.

WILLIAMS GRANT. MILLIGAN.

